Tier IV is a set of standards for how much particulate matter, etc can be in the exhaust from an engine of a given size. How the company meets that stndard is up to them. So a small Tier IV compliant engine may meet those standards with just a redesign of the engine. Big engines with potentially more emissions may have more gadgets attached to them to reduce those emissions, kind of like the catalytic converters that have been added on cars for years. There are a whole bunch of different strategies used by Kubota on the tractors. One way to see what is on a specific engine is to download tne parts diagrams from the Kubota website, and/or look at the e brochure for that tractor. To see what all the different acronyms mean, like EGR, DPF etc, the link above has some information.