Just had the exact same thing happen to me last week. There is a 1/4 x2 1/2 inch bolt as well as a 1/4“ square key 1 1/4” long that you need to replace. When mine came apart I lost the bolt and key. The bolt is NOT a shear bolt.
The only way that this can separate is for the nylock nut on the end of the bolt to have come off first. The set screw would have to be loose enough on the key for the PTO shaft to move away from the short shaft on the blower. The bolt only holds the shaft from sliding off, the key keeps the two shafts spinning. The key is held in place with a set screw, and my set screw was loctited in place, and took some force to remove. There was no damage to the key way on the short shaft, or the yoke of the PTO universal.
I had the same damage to the guard as you did. A little pounding with a hammer, and it was mostly back to normal. I also damaged the PTO shield. That plastic shield, is, hang on, $89.00 plus shipping from Messicks. I repaired the damage with some electrical tape. Not perfect, but couldn’t see spending over a $100.00 for a piece of plastic
The operating manual shows and list the bolt as a 1/4-20x 2 1/2 and a 1/4-20 nylock nut. So I replaced with the same but added locktite to it as well.