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Ok, you are convinced you want to ballast your tires, chosen a type of ballast and now, need to get your water, CaCl2, antifreeze or beet juice mixture into drive tires in the appropriate quantities.

Liquid Ballasting Guide

1. How Much Ballast
   Firestone AG has a handy table that relates tire size to gallons of water, or gallons of water and pounds of calcium chloride, and how much ballast weight would be achieved, per tire. If you are going for a 50/50 antifreeze ballast, then simply use 50% of the amounts listed for water-only and fill the remainder with antifreeze.
   
   You can lookup how much ballast you need here. Note that the list of tires is spread over several pages in the chart – scroll all the way to the bottom and look on the right to flip between pages. Tires smaller than 8.3-20 will be listed in pages further back in the tables.
   
   For example, using the Firestone’s table, we see that 11.2-24 R1 AG tires, a common Kubota size for a rear tire, would each require 24 gallons of water yielding 200lbs of ballast weight. If we were using a CaCl2 solution, mix 19 gallons of water with 95 lbs CaCl2 yielding 253lbs of ballast weight. Depending on your ballast type, that puts another 400-500lbs of weight on the ground to help maximize traction!

2. Water or Mixed Ballast?
   If you intend to operate your Kubota in the winter or where outside temperatures drop below freezing, you will need to have the tires filled at a tire shop that has the pumping equipment necessary to install a mixed solution. You can still use the chart above to determine how much mix you will need and arrange that in advance to save yourself some money. I’m not aware of any do-it-yourself pumping methods that would safely achieve the results needed, so this job is best left to the professionals. The rest of this guide assumes a water ballast is used.

   

   Attemping to fill a tire using a do-it-yourself pumping system, as shown here, does not work. Either obtain the proper equipment or head over to your tire shop.

3. Gather Tools
   For tools, you will need:

   • a garden hose
   • water fill attachment
   • a tire fill adapter
   • a floor jack
   

   Water filler will be attached to the garden hose and the tire fill adapter.

   

   A close up of what a tire fill adapter - available from any auto supply store.

4. Let Air Out of Tire
   Using the floor jack, raise the wheel. Remove the valve stem core from the tire and let all the air out, save for maybe 5-7 psi – just enough to keep the tire bead seated in the rim. Rotate the tire so the valve stem is in the 12 o’clock position.

5. Start Filling
   Thread on the water fill attachment, attach the tire filler adapter and then turn on the garden hose. You may need to occasionally turn the water off and burp the tire. As the water enters the tire it will begin to displace the air resulting in some compression. Loosen off the hose fitting and let the trapped air escape. Once all the air is exhausted, resume filling.
   
   You will want to fill the tire no more than 75% full with water. The 75% full mark is achieved when the water in the tire has reached the level of the valve stem as the tire is filled in the 12 o’clock position. It is a good idea to just slightly overfill the tire with water, and then holding the tire and wheel perfectly upright, remove the water filler adapter. The excess water will purge itself down to the level of the valve stem all by itself and also ensures that the same amount of water are inside each
   tire.

6. Pressurize Tire
   Once water has stopped coming out of the valve stem, replace the valve core. Lower the floor jack and with the full weight of the tractor on the tire, fill the tire to the correct air pressure as indicated on the sidewall of the tire, or in your Kubota Operator’s Manual.

7. Ballast Removal
   Water ballast is removed from the tires by rotating the valve stems down to the 6 o’clock position and removing the valve cores. The head of air pressure will force the water out of the tire. If the water is coming out a little slow after a while, simply rotate the valve stem back up to the 12 o’clock position, fill the tire with the correct air pressure, and then quickly rotate the tire back down to the 6 o’clock position.

Ballast Box
Even with the rear tires ballasted with liquid it is not a bad idea to still use a ballast box filled with field rocks on the 3 point of your compact Kubota. If you do not have a ballast box then carry an implement (securely!) back there to add weight and stabilize your machine, especially if you have a front end loader. The neighbors might think its strange having a rototiller mounted on the back of your Kubota as you push a mountain of snow down the driveway on a 20 below day, but fear not! There are some of us out there that know you are doing it right and playing it safe!

Service Department Vic

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A Kubota L1-R24 in its rearward operating configuration.

We recently received a comment from Ian King, an OrangeTractorTalks reader from British Columbia, Canada (map), asking for some information on his recently acquired Kubota L1-R26 tractor. Unable to find much, if any information on it, Mr. K and I decided to answer some of Ian’s questions with a feature story on his unique Kubota!

The L1-R Family Tree
In North America, an L1-R Kubota is extremely rare and seldom seen – built exclusively for the Japanese Domestic Market (JDM) between 1983-1988. Since it was a JDM tractor only, Kubota North America brands the L1-R series as gray market tractors. The L1-R series tractors consist of the L1-R20, L1-R22, L1-R24, L1-R26 and L1R-28 – all of which are a marvel of Kubota design engineering. Ian’s bidirectional Kubota is from the L1 Series of Kubotas that include these models:

• Early L1 Series
  L1-20, L1-22, L1-24, L1-26, L1-28, L1-33, L1-38, L1-43, L1-45

• Later L1-5 Series
  L1-185, L1-195, L1-205, L1-215, L1-225, L1-235, L1-245, L1-255, L1-265, L1-275, L1-285, L1-295, L1-315, L1-325, L1-345, L1-385, L1-435, L-455

Ian's Kubota L1-R26 in the forward configuration with a front end loader ready to do some work.

The R designation in the model number means the tractor can be driven and operated in either the traditional forward facing manner, or with a few quick adjustments they can be safely operated and driven with the driver facing backwards. Finding a use for a backwards running tractor may seem a little odd at first, but, they are more common than you may think. In fact, Kubota is not the first manufacturer to develop and build a bidirectional tractor…

Bidirectional Tractor History
You have to hand it to the average hard working farmer – masters of ingenuity, dreamers and developers, they have come up with some of the most creative ways to get things done, make things work, or repurpose old machinery for a new task. It is this line of thinking that gave birth to the bidirectional tractor.

In the late 1960s, a couple of talented brothers, Peter and Dan Pakosh from Manitoba, Canada (map), were building grain augers, drawbars and field sprayers under their own brand name, Versatile. Credited with being the first company to mass produce 4WD farm tractors, brother Dan thought that a market existed for a multipurpose tractor that could be operated bidirectionally. Surely the world was ready for such an innovation!

The D100, the world's first mass-produced 4WD farm tractor. Produced by Versatile in 1965.

Since the tractor could be used to either push or pull an implement, it was marketed as being “a number of self-propelled machines in one”. The concept was an immediate success. With 4WD and a switchable operator’s platform, bidirectional tractors had arrived! 20 years later, when was Versatile sold to Ford-New Holland, the design engineers at New Holland brought Dan Pakosh out of retirement to help them modernize the bidirectional tractor, taking it forward into the next century. The result was the New Holland TV-140.

The Ford-New Holland TV-140 - a result of redesigning and bringing the bidirectional tractor into the 20th century.

Simplified Timeline

• Late 1930s – Early 1940s
  Peter Pakosh goes to work for Massey Harris honing his skills as a designer, draftsman and inventor.

• 1960s
  Peter and his brother Dan become the first to mass produce a 4WD farm tractor, the Versatile D100.

• 1977
  Versatile brings the world’s first bidirectional tractor to market – the
  Versatile Model 150.

• 1982
  Versatile iterates on their design and introduces the Model 160

• 1987
  New Holland buys Versatile and starts developing the next generational of bidirectional tractors – the New Holland TV 140.

• 1983-1988
  Kubota brings out their own line of bidirectional tractors, the L1-R Series.

Service Department Vic standing beside a Versatile 160 bidirectional tractor. Versatile built the 160 from 1982-1983.

Engines, Drivelines, Nuts and Bolts
Ian’s L1-R26 is equipped with a Kubota V1512 direct injected 4 cylinder engine. The V1512 was used in a number of JDM Kubota tractor models including the L1-265, L1-285, L1-295, L1-315 and was also used in the L1-R28. Depending on injector pump pressure and timing, the V1512 was rated anywhere from 26-32 horsepower at the PTO.

Transmissions and final drives are shared on Ian’s Kubota with the Kubota L2250, L2550, L2650 and L2950. While these North American models had 4 ranges and 4 working speeds to the transmission (16F), the JDM versions offered 20F speeds. Both the Japanese Domestic Market and North American models feature a mechanical shuttle shift.

PTO Speeds
All L1-R’s have 4 speed PTOs which operate at these speeds (@ 2500 engine RPM): 566 RPM, 774 RPM, 938 RPM and 1250 RPM. Interestingly, all L and L-1 gray models have 4 speed PTOs and gray market B series have 3 speed PTOs. For North American models (non gray market equipment), Kubota limited the PTO to only 2 speeds.

Going From Front to Back and Back Again
An owner of a L1-R series needs to a few things if they wish to switch from front operation to rear-facing operation:

1. The steering column is detached from its location by unscrewing a set bolt located adjacent to the PTO speed change lever.



Steering wheel release located next to the PTO speed lever.

2. The dash blank out panel is unclipped and stowed.



When switching to the reverse configuration, this blank out panel is removed and the seat is installed in its place.

3. The seat is released and mounted where the dash blank out panel was removed. Note that because of the placement of the speed change lever and shuttle shift, control of the tractor is still natural feeling in either forward or reverse configurations.



A close up of the L1-R shuttle shift - its placement means operating the tractor is not awkward regardless of forward or reverse configuration.

4. When operated in the reverse position, the driver’s feet would rest on foot pads, one located on the right hand side of the seat by the position control, and the other rubber foot pad on the center of the transmission tunnel where the transmission is filled.



Driver's feet rest on foot pads that are normally under the seat.

5. The brake and clutch pedal pads are connected with bolts on Kubota’s Reversing L-1 tractors, rather than welded on as they are on the L1-18, 20 etc. For reward operation, these pads are removed and are installed on redundant pedal “posts” that are located on either side of the operator’s seat. A complete set of duplicate pedals – gas, brake and clutch are sitting under the seat!



Redundant gas, brake and clutch pedals are located under the seat (shown here tipped forward). Photo credit: OrangeTractorTalks reader Keith

6. The steering column is reinstalled where the seat used to be.

7. The final detail would be to swap the tires from side to side in order to maximize the traction of the R-1 Ag Grips.

An L1-R24 before and after swapping from forward to reverse operation.

Cab Versions
Cab versions of L1-R Series Kubotas were equipped with front and rear windshield wipers, and in addition to having lots of glass, the cab versions had a glass window that was at the back of the tractor behind the seat.

An L1-R Kubota equipped with a cab - note the rear glass panel for viewing ground near the PTO and the rear wiper.

Non-cab versions had a plexiglass panel just behind the seat which incidentally, had two armrests rather than a single armrest seat version installed on non-Reverse models. This opening made viewing the ground right at the 3 point hitch possible when operating in the rearward facing position.

What were these Tractors Used For?
Since these tractors provided a very detailed view of the goings on at the PTO end of the tractor, the L1-R Series of Kubota was used in much the same way as its Versatile and New Holland ancestors were:

• precision seeding
• planting and tilling
• bidirectional mowing
• PTO operation of a rotary brush or broom
• snow blowing
• lifting pallets
• trenching
• hoe operation
• bulldozing

Anywhere that increased maneuverability and tight handling were needed, the L1-R Kubotas were pressed into use! You can see from this video a L1-R Kubota in action (thanks to OrangeTractorTalks reader Dan Alex for finding it).

There you have it, a history and overview of a rare and unique Kubota. If you have more detailed questions or comments regarding the L1-R series, ask away in the comments below and we’ll do our best to answer.

Service Department Vic

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From time to time we like to showcase what readers of OrangeTractorTalks get up to with their favorite piece of orange equipment. Today, we take a look at Antoine and his organic vegetable farm, Ferme de la Coulee douce located in St-Antoine-de-Tilly, Quebec Canada, a mile away from the banks of the famous St. Lawrence River (click for map on google).

Note: Antoine’s site is in French, use google’s translator to convert it if need be.

About the Farm
Antoine’s farm, established in 2004, is 5 acres in size and produces more than 30 varieties of organic vegetables – carrots, lettuce, onions, cabbage, tomatoes, fresh herbs, broccoli, cauliflower, peppers, peas – you name it, his farm grows it. He built the farm from the ground up having purchased the raw plot 5 years ago without buildings, improvements, water or electricity. Today the farm supplies fresh organic produce to more than 150 families in Quebec.

Antoine's farm produces more than 30 varieties of vegetables - like this brocoli for instance.

Snow – Lots of it
In the winter time temperatures drop below -22F (-30C) and the ground sees lots of snow – about 20 feet fall on the farm every year. This means his Kubota is putting in overtime hours running a snowblower to clear a path to a few greenhouses on site. Antoine makes good use of his tractor’s creeper gear to move the heavy wet snow, an engine block heater and the cylinder head decompression function when it comes to starting in those temperatures.

The farm's Kubota L2201 earns its keep - snowblowing, rototilling, hauling or running the irrigation system.

A Busy L Series
The farm uses a gray market Kubota L2201 to blow snow, rototill, brush cut and run a water pump off the PTO for irrigation. Other attachments include a seeder, cultivator, weeder and a couple of trailers for hauling the harvest – a very busy tractor indeed.

On the technical side – the L2201 is closest to Kubota’s North American L245. Both have the 3 cylinder D1101 engine that generates about 24.5 horsepower at the flywheel and 20 at the PTO. The L2201/L245 is similar to its smaller brother, the L1801/L185 which is a 2 cylinder tractor. Antoine’s tractor is a 4WD but the L2201 was manufactured in both 2WD and 4WD configurations and production ran from around 1975 to 1979.

Future Plans
Expanding the existing greenhouses, planting an orchard and creating a windbreak are all in this Kubota’s future. Sounds like Antoine will be busy for a little while to come. We thank Antoine for sharing with us how he uses his Kubota to get the job done! Well done!

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So after thinking about it and considering the reasons to ballast your Kubota’s tires, you might find yourself wondering what liquid makes the best ballast. There are a few options available and depending on your climate, budget and access to some of these liquids in bulk quantities.

Liquid Ballast Comparison Table

*using CaCl2 is low cost if containment tubes are already available and installed, otherwise this is a high cost option

Water
Water has been used as ballast inside the rear tires of tractors operated in warmer climates for years. In geographical locations where freezing occurs, an additive is necessary to prevent the water from becoming an ice block inside the tire. Ballast that does freeze inside the tractor will make those tires unstable and general operation of the tractor unsafe. Water is the least expensive form of liquid ballasting and weighs 8.3lbs per gallon.

Advantages
• readily available
• no cost
• safe to use – non-toxic, non-flammable
• easy to install into tires

Disadvantages
• not suitable for cold climates

Calcium Chloride
Calcium chloride, CaCl2, in powdered form can be mixed with water to produce a liquid that will resist freezing up to -50F, depending on the strength of the concentration. Calcium chloride weighs about 11.5lbs/gallon mixed, so more ballast weight is achieved in the same volume, allowing a heavier ballast. This type of liquid ballast is a highly corrosive mixture so care must be taken in handling this product. CaCl2 should be installed into tubes regardless of whether or not the tire on the tractor is tubeless. Without being contained in a tube the mixture will rust the rim flange area right out.

Advantages
• easily obtained in large quantities
• high weight/volume ratio (almost 40% more than water alone)
• very high freeze resistance

Disadvantages
• care taken when used – corrosive mixture
• must be installed into tubes – extra cost
• if installed without tubes corrosion/rust of the rim will occur
• puncturing a tire filled with CaCl2 will spray rust-causing mixture everywhere, damaging sheet metal and vegetation

A typical 50lb bag of calcium chloride with inset image showing powder consistency.

Ethylene Glycol Antifreeze
Antifreeze, mixed 50/50 with water, and installed into your Kubota’s rear tires, will provide the same amount of weight per gallon as water and will resist freezing to approx -40F. Ethylene glycol antifreeze is classified by Canada’s Environmental Protection Agency as hazardous waste after it reaches the end of its useful life. Care must be taken when disposing of this type of ballast – and in the case of a tractor tire, there will be a lot of mix to deal with.

Advantages
• easily obtained in large quantities
• high freeze resistance
• safe to mix – non-flammable but is toxic if ingested

Disadvantages
• hazardous to the environment, animals and people – care must be taken regarding its disposal
• could get costly if your only source is 1 gallon jugs at a Walmart

Propylene Glycol Antifreeze
Propylene glycol is known as a non-toxic or people/animal friendly antifreeze. Besides its antifreeze properties, it is actually used in many cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, shampoos and as a food additive. Dow, who manufacturers 35% of the world’s supply of of propylene glycol, reports that in the United States, 22% of production is used for antifreeze or de-icing. When installed into your tires as a ballast in a 50/50 mix, expect similar properties to ethylene glycol, high freeze resistance with ballast weight similar to that of water alone. AMSOIL makes this type antifreeze available by the gallon or 55 gallon drum.

Advantages
• easily obtained in large quantities
• high freeze resistance
• safe to humans, animals and vegetation, non-flammable, non-toxic and biodegradable

Disadvantages
• more costly than plain old toxic ethylene glycol – sources we used, quoted prices of 33%-120% more per gallon

Windshield Washer Fluid
Washer fluid, installed right from the jug is freeze protected to about -20F and provides about the same ballast weight properties as water does. Washer fluid has some of the same chemicals in it that antifreeze does, but at milder concentrations. Disposing of gallons and gallons of washer fluid, as in the case of tire ballast, would require care.

Advantages
• easily obtained in large quantities
• low cost
• adequate freeze resistance
• no mixing required – use as is, non-flammable but is toxic

Disadvantages
• hazardous to the environment, animals and people – care must be taken regarding its disposal

Methanol
Methanol is highly flammable and if you decide to use this product it must be mixed with water to make it so you do not blow yourself up while mixing it, installing it, or driving your tractor with it in there. Depending on strength of mixture, methanol and water is good to around -15F temperatures. We are not recommending the use of methanol and water because of the danger – but it is an option available for tire ballasting.

Advantages
• easily obtained in large quantities
• adequate freeze resistance

Disadvantages
• extremely flammable
• mixing required with water
• hazardous to the environment, animals and people – care must be taken regarding its disposal

Beet Juice
Beet juice, a liquid byproduct made from de-sugared sugar beets. This food grade product is available in the US under the trade and brand name, RimGuard. This liquid weighs about 30% more than straight water and resists freezing to about -35F. Best of all, it will not solidify until the temp drops to -50F. Natural, non-corrosive, safe to the environment and humans. If beet juice is available in your location, we believe this your best bet – safe to use and provides extra ballast weight.

Advantages
• high weight/volume ratio (about 30% more than water alone)
• very high freeze resistance
• anti-rust properties
• a natural product – environmentally friendly and safe

Disadvantages
• may not be available in all locations

Polyurethane Foam/Flat Fill
This ballast method is essentially a run-flat polyurethane fill that is injected into the tire through the valve stem. Two liquid components are pumped into the tire and they react with one another so that 24-36 hours later, you are left with a solid rubber core – the air inside the tire is completely displaced. The term “foam” is a bit misleading – the core is actually very much a black solid. It is sometimes called foam because air bubbles are injected into the mix to control the density of the end product.

This ballast method obviously adds serious weight gains to each tire and also has the nice benefit of eliminating flat tires and associated repair costs. Because the tire is run-flat there is no risk of corrosive/toxic ballast spraying all over your tractor and scorching vegetation if you do spring a leak. You will have to find a dealer near you that performs this service (Brannon Tire in Stockton, California for example).

Advantages
• high weight/volume ratio (about 20-50% more than water depending on type of fill)
• cannot freeze
• tire is run-flat
• simple – have it done once, ballasted forever

Disadvantages
• may not be available in all locations
• high cost – prices range around $0.95-1.25 lbs injected, or $300+ per tire
• tire must be cut off rim after tread wears out – best for new or nearly new tires
• if performed on steering tires, heavy duty weight gains will put more stress on steering components
• no air in tires to absorb humps and bumps so you will get a very rough ride – could be jarring for long distance travel

Have experience using some of these ballast types? Write us a comment below!

Service Department Vic

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A Kubota B6200 - tires ballasted with 50/50 water and antifreeze.

Background on Tire Ballasting
Ballasting, or liquid-filling, tractor tires is nothing new. It has been around the farm for many decades. Ballasting has its roots as an economical way to increase the traction and ultimately the drawbar pull of a given tractor. Less slippage at the rear wheels saves on fuel and the same tractor could pull larger, heavier, implements. More crops could be planted in a day lowering per-acre input costs. With ballasting, more traction and less slip saved on expensive drive tires. Overall tractor maintenance expenses were reduced. Ballasting tractor tires is an important consideration if you are in the business of farming or hobby farming.

Today, with less of our population engaged in the primary business of farming, who would have thought that Kubota compact tractors under 30HP would be leading the market segment in sales? We now have a totally different consumer for completely different reasons other than farming sitting in that tractor seat. There are acreage owners, hobby farmers, organic growers, berry and specialty growers, landscapers, and wood lot operators, pushing, digging, moving, grading, pulling, lifting and towing with their Kubotas! It is for these reasons that we want to take a look at some of the benefits of ballasting the tires in your Kubota.

6 Reasons to Ballast

1. Stability
   Liquid tire ballasting does what a no-clamp-on, hung or attached metal weight would do – it places the liquid ballast at the lowest center of gravity on the tractor. As the tractor is driven, the weight from the ballast liquid is maintained at the bottom of the tire under all circumstances. The operator will notice a marked improvement in the solid feeling handling characteristics of the tractor. There is more weight to the tractor and so it has more inertia when moving and is more likely to absorb some of the bumps.

2. Greatly Increased Traction
   With the liquid ballast pushing down directly on the inside lower surface of the tire the contact patch or the total amount of available tread on the ground is optimized – the contact area does not get larger in size, but it has more weight bearing down on it. Anyone that has operated a compact Kubota tractor for any longer than a few seconds knows that torque was not cut from the design equation by some bean counter in the back room! That being said, as soon as the tires on your Kubota tractor begin slip the amount of available torque necessary to move the tractor or do the work (push snow for instance) drops to almost zero. Simply put, the more weight a tire has, the more traction is has.

   The interesting thing about torque is that in low-traction situations, the maximum amount of torque that can be created is determined by the amount of traction, not by the engine. So even if your Kubota B6100 had a turbo charged Cummins diesel engine in it, if the tires do not stick to the ground, there is simply no way to harness that power.

3. Reduced Tire Wear
   Tire-slip occurs when the force or torque applied to it exceeds the traction available to that tire. Ever do a burn out in your father’s car or pick up? It does not take 300 horses under the hood of your Kubota to wear out a set of drive tires. Frequent, chronic lack or loss of traction, will significantly lower the tread life of your Kubota tractors tires especially if it’s equipped with turf or R3 tires.

   R3 equipped Kubotas have the least aggressive tire treads and as such have the least amount of available traction. R1/Ag Grip tires with their traditional 23 degree V-Bar tread design offer the best un-ballasted traction available. R1’s are standard on equipment on most Kubota tractors today but seldom seen on the lot. Most Kubota Dealers are ordering and specifying their new tractors be shipped with the optional R4 Industrial tires. While the R4’s have a flatter tread face and bolder contact patch than their R1 counterparts, they are still susceptible to tire slip and increased tire wear.

4. Increased Operator Safety
   Better traction and a significant improvement in stability leads to increased operator safety. A tire slip at the wrong time can be costly and deadly. Attempting to raise a heavy bucket of material can lift the back end of the tractor in a heartbeat. Liquid ballasting makes good safety sense.

5. Low Cost
   Liquid ballasting your tires is not necessarily expensive. There are all types of liquid ballast agents, such as water, beet juice, antifreeze or calcium chloride – each with their own advantages and disadvantages. If it does not get below zero where you live, then you can probably get away with a simple water ballast.

6. Fast and Easy to Do
   The process of ballasting is simple and straightforward – using a garden hose and some tools/adapters available at any automotive supply one can fill their Kubota’s tires within 20-25 minutes depending on the tire size.

Think of other reasons to liquid ballast your tires? Add a comment below.

Service Department Vic

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Snow removal. One of the handy things to do with your Kubota in the winter time! We’d like to know what equipment you are using to clear that driveway, sidewalk, parking lot or where ever there is snow that you would rather there not be. Check off the pieces of equipment you use below, and then fire up the Kubota and put it to work!

Photo Credit: Steve Foulks’ Kubota B3030HSDC – see more

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